Standard economic production theory is the basis for measuring technical efficiency in sports. Using programming or regression models, efficiency is defined as the distance of a given team observation from the technology. In this article, the authors show that the standard measures of efficiency...

Model misspecification has significant impacts on data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency estimates. This paper discusses the four most widely-used approaches to guide variable specification in DEA. We analyze efficiency contribution measure (ECM), principal component analysis (PCA-DEA), a...

Half-life is a unique characteristic of radioactive substances used in a variety of medical treatments. Radioisotope F-18 used for diagnosing and monitoring many types of cancers has a half-life of 110minutes. As such, it requires careful coordination of production and delivery by manufacturers...