Most listed firms are freestanding in the U.S, while listed firms in other countries often belong to business groups: lasting structures in which listed firms control other listed firms. Hand-collected historical data illuminate how the present ownership structure of the United States arose: (1)...

Most listed firms are freestanding in the U.S, while listed firms in other countries often belong to business groups: lasting structures in which listed firms control other listed firms. Hand-collected historical data illuminate how the present ownership structure of the United States arose: (1)...

In the 1960s and 1970s, oil supplies were a source of international political conflict. Major oil companies, such as Exxon, Shell, and BP were key actors in this conflict. With their vertical, multinational structures, they dominated production and trade. The study examines their strategies and...