In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 … percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries … small firms, despite their lower productivity levels, is not responsible for the decline. We also cannot confirm the …

In Germany, the productivity of professional services, a sector dominated by micro and small firms, declined by 40 … percent between 1995 and 2014. This productivity decline also holds true for professional services in other European countries … small firms, despite their lower productivity levels, is not responsible for the decline. We also cannot confirm the …

This study aims to resolve the difficult problem of manufacturers’ service outsourcing strategy decision-making, with … contractor, and customer under different outsourcing strategies, and we examine optimal outsourcing decision-making in various … boundary negotiated by the manufacturer and conduct hygienic services outside the boundary. Theoretically, outsourcing both …