would provide more insurance if based on lifetime instead of annual earnings. Requiring wealthy individuals to repay social … assistance received when younger would strengthen the insurance and redistributive functions of social assistance. …

lifetime earnings between individuals with different skill endowments and by providing individuals with insurance against … risk. Progressive taxation of annual earnings provides little insurance against lifetime earnings risk. The lifetime … insurance effects of taxation may be improved by moving to a progressive tax on lifetime earnings. Similarly, the lifetime …

lifetime earnings between individuals with different skill endowments and by providing individuals with insurance against … risk. Progressive taxation of annual earnings provides little insurance against lifetime earnings risk. The lifetime … insurance effects of taxation may be improved by moving to a progressive tax on lifetime earnings. Similarly, the lifetime …

lifetime tax reform linking annual taxes to previous employment could improve the system's insurance capabilities, albeit at …