of manufacturing employment have raised concerns about the future of growth given the lower labor productivity of the … manufacturing in Asia. Our contribution to the emerging literature is twofold. First, we propose a conceptual framework of …

structural transformation toward industrialization, manufacturing in particular. Workers moved out of agriculture into … manufacturing, and the sector diversified and upgraded its structure. Manufacturing activities are subject to increasing returns to … scale, and many manufacturing goods have high income elasticities of demand. For these reasons, manufacturing is referred to …