The Japanese government has advocated a wide range of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, e.g. improvements of gas mileage, development of alternative fuel vehicles, shifts to walking, bicycles and public transportation for passenger transportation and to...

We examine two issues on duciary duty.First,what is the essential structure of duciary duty?Second,does duciary duty have elements of a mandatory rule? Concerning the rst question,the formation of a duciary relationship involves the di culty of writing a contract on the acts that the duciary has...

In the U.S. a variety of statistical data are provided for metropolitan areas defined by the government. There is no counterpart in Japan and the only metropolitan area definitions that are available are those proposed by a few researchers. This article proposes a new metropolitan area...

The Japanese government has advocated a wide range of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, e.g. improvements of gas mileage, development of alternative fuel vehicles, shifts to walking, bicycles and public transportation for passenger transportation and to...

We generalize the formulae for welfare changes by Arkolakis, Costinot, and Rodríguez-Clare (2012) and Melitz and Redding (2014a) to allow for various cardinalizations of the subutility functions for varieties. Despite the same macro restrictions and the same equilibrium allocations, our new...

Workers in a long-term relationship often have an incentive to hide their ability early in the relationship to avoid having the firm increase the level of output expected from them in the future. The authors show that competition for older workers will permit the implementation of efficient...

Many sources of urban agglomeration involve departures from the first-best world. The benefit evaluation of a transportation project must then take into account agglomeration benefits along with any direct user benefits. Using a monopolistic competition model of differentiated intermediate...

The most straightforward policy evaluation model is the consumer surplus approach, which adopts a partial equilibrium analysis framework. Using consumer surplus, which can be measured by the area to the left of the demand curve, this framework is extremely simple yet applicable in a surprising...

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate a method for constructing a small-scale policy evaluation model that is applicable to assessing actual policies. The approach adopted in the paper is to construct a perfectly consistent small-scale model adopting the user-friendly CES function, while...

In studies on the liberalization of Japanese electricity markets, simulations targeting whole areas of liberalization have been conducted. However, new entries have been very rare except in the area of commercial demand for extra-high voltage supply. In this paper we conduct a simulation...