Free-floating and instant-access carsharing systems are two features of the most flexible carsharing systems. In the former, users are allowed to freely park the car in any legal parking spot within the boundaries defined by the service operator. In the latter, users are not requested to make...

This article investigates economic and operational effects of introducing autonomous vessels to liner shipping networks. By the formulation of optimization models, we analyze how fleet configurations with vessels of different capacity affect the cost and service level of liner shipping networks...