We highlight herding of investors as one major risk factor that is typically ignored in statistical approaches to … portfolio modelling and risk management. Our survey focuses on smart-beta investing where such methods and investor herding seem … modelling herding risk which merit empirical analysis. This financial economists' perspective supplements the vast statistical …

This paper employs a new and comprehensive data set to investigate short-term herding behavior of institutional … investors. Using data of all transactions made by financial institutions in the German stock market, we show that herding … behavior occurs on a daily basis. However, in contrast to longer-term herding measures obtained from quarterly data, results …