margin) as well as participation in education and labour activities (the extensive margin). We find robust evidence that … across children to minimize its impact on formal education. …

fertility on parental investments and on women's labour supply that use twin births to instrument fertility will tend to be …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

instrument fertility will under-estimate impacts of fertility on parental investments and women's labour supply. This is …

exploit sex composition of children as an exogenous source of variation in family size to account for endogeneity of fertility … with one and more, two and more, and three and more children, I find no significant effect of fertility on female labor …

This article discusses son preference in India, including both greater investment in sons and the fertility preference … eldest sons, whom parents favor, and other sons. Fertility preferences likewise center on eldest sons. The desire to have at …

Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

Decisions concerning marriage, fertility, participation, and the education of children are explained using a two …, and (iv) length and effective enforcement of compulsory education. The predictions are consistent with two empirical … fertility and female labour market participation, negative until the mid-1970s, has turned positive where developed, but not …