We characterize the salient features of the distribution of earnings and earnings changes of formal workers in Mexico …

employment in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa, distinguishing between dependent and independent workers. For each country, we use …-employment carries a premium in Mexico. In contrast, the upper-tier segment is marginal in South Africa, and informal workers, both …

lower probability of moving out of informal employment. We also demonstrate that the mobility of lower and upper tier …

Mexico. We use rich datasets that allow us to define informality in a relatively comparable fashion across countries. We …

Mexico. We use rich datasets that allow us to define informality in a relatively comparable fashion across countries. We …

Mexico. We use rich datasets that allow us to define informality in a relatively comparable fashion across countries. We …

employment in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa, distinguishing between dependent and independent workers. For each country, we use …-employment carries a premium in Mexico. In contrast, the upper-tier segment is marginal in South Africa, and informal workers, both …

Mexico. We use rich datasets that allow us to define informality in a relatively comparable fashion across countries. We …

employment in Brazil, Mexico and South Africa, distinguishing between dependent and independent workers. For each country, we use …-employment carries a premium in Mexico. In contrast, the upper-tier segment is marginal in South Africa, and informal workers, both …