This paper analyzes the incentive effects of pollution taxes versus pollution permits for a budget oriented Government. Pollution permits are analyzed as durable goods, and a pollution tax is seen as an equivalent to leasing pollution permits. First, a general model is developed and then four...

Carbon taxes theoretically dominate the emission standard because of the shortcomings of tax revenue when imposing standards. To study the optimal regulation mode in society, this paper compares four potential regulations for carbon emission mitigation: an emission tax (an emission approach...