lobbying industry. Lobbying is divided between direct representation by special interests to policymakers, and indirect … behalf. Our analytical structure allows us to explain several trends in lobbying. For example, using the observation that in … legislating, we are able to explain why the share of commercial lobbyist activity in total lobbying has risen dramatically and now …

Public opinion, lobbying and elections have important effects on the formation of trade policy in democracies. This … paper attempts to explain how lobbying expenditures can influence the outcome of an election fought over trade policy …

How is economic policy made? In this paper we study a key determinant of the answer to the question: lobbying by firms … persistence in lobbying. The existence of these costs is further confirmed in studying how firms responded to a particular policy …

We argue that the market for lobbying services is a function of two key features of modern American politics: (1) the …

Using a model of repeated agency, we explain previously unexplained features of the real-world lobbying industry …. Lobbying is divided between direct representation by special interests to policymakers, and indirect representation where … analytical structure allows us to explain several trends in lobbying. For example, using the observation that in the U.S. over …

’s commitment to lobbying. Guided by our theory, we present evidence consistent with expectations that intimidation can shape … regulatory outcomes to the advantage of certain firms, both through a chilling effect, where lobbying derails nascent regulatory …

This paper analyzes the effective regulation of commercial lobbying activities and focuses on the endogenous choice of … regulatory institutions. The analysis uses a model of commercial lobbying in which citizens hire lobbyists to present policy … commercial lobbying can explain why commercial lobbying is widely employed, but may not be socially efficient, and may lack …

Lobbying a coalition government is different than lobbying a single-party government, since in the case of a coalition …