Twin births are often used to instrument fertility to address (negative) selection of women into fertility. However …, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited …

Decisions concerning marriage, fertility, participation, and the education of children are explained using a two … fertility and female labour market participation, negative until the mid-1970s, has turned positive where developed, but not …

. In contrast to studies for other developed countries, we find a significant negative effect of education on fertility … the particularly high opportunity costs of child-rearing in Germany. -- fertility ; education ; timing of births …

This paper investigates the effect of education on fertility under inflexible labor market conditions. We exploit … complementary data sets, we examine different fertility outcomes over the life cycle. In contrast to evidence for other developed … countries, we find that increased education causally reduces completed fertility. This negative effect operates through a …

Decisions concerning marriage, fertility, participation, and the education of children are explained using a two … fertility and female labour market participation, negative until the mid-1970s, has turned positive where developed, but not …