theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators’ punishment is almost exclusively targeted …This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which … between different fairness principles. Fairness theories that are based on the assumption that players compare their own …

; cooperation ; social norm ; reciprocity ; fairness ; spitefulness … theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators' punishment is almost exclusively targeted … who committed unfair acts, seems to be the most important motive behind fairness-driven informal sanctions. -- sanctioning …

of fairness principles is the most important driving force of sanctions but, in addition, a non-negligible part of the … sanctions is driven by spitefulness. We find surprisingly little evidence for strategic sanctions that are imposed to create … to play a negligible role. Within the class of fairness-driven sanctions the motive to harm those who committed unfair …

‐criminal population in the same geographical area on the other. We provide experimental evidence on cooperation and response to sanctions … contrast, ordinary criminals behave in a much more opportunistic fashion, displaying lower levels of cooperation and, in the … game with Third Party punishment, punishing less as well as tending to punish cooperation (almost as much) as defection …

‐criminal population in the same geographical area on the other. We provide experimental evidence on cooperation and response to sanctions … contrast, ordinary criminals behave in a much more opportunistic fashion, displaying lower levels of cooperation and, in the … game with Third Party punishment, punishing less as well as tending to punish cooperation (almost as much) as defection …

differences in cooperative and sanctioning behavior. …

differences in cooperative and sanctioning behavior. …

, retaliation against unfair acts, and spitefulness. The experiment shows that cooperators and defectors differently respond to …