Using a micro-level dataset of wind turbine installations in Denmark and Germany, we estimate a structural oligopoly model with cross-border trade and heterogeneous firms. Our approach separately identifies border-related from distance-related variable costs and bounds the fixed cost of...

The spatial dimension of most agricultural raw product markets (e.g., milk) and the high concentration of food processors facilitate the exercise of market power towards farmers. In the milk sector, processors that are investor-owned firms (IOFs) compete alongside processing cooperatives (COOPs)...