Where the rights of foreign investors are harmed in disputed maritime areas, the question arises whether these investors can invoke international investment agreements (IIAs) to seek redress. IIAs cover both bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and multilateral investment agreements (MIAs). BITs...

The paper implementing the imperfect competitive equilibrium model, increasing returns to scale, the coordination failure problem and the learning-by-doing argument discusses the economic efficiency of local content requirements (LCRs). It is shown that the LCRs are economically unjustifiable...

Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are an increasingly important component of international investment law. There are currently more than 2,000 BITs involving some 175 countries active around the world. These agreements cover a huge range of industry sectors and business activities. The United...

Since the adoption of the World Health Organization’s WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, governments have been pursuing progressively stronger and more wide-reaching tobacco control measures. In response, tobacco companies are frequently using international trade and investment...

The article explores investment protection under Chinese international investment agreements (IIAs), especially under the China-Poland bilateral investment treaty (BIT). As a state that both imports and exports foreign direct investment (FDI), China currently promotes a balanced and safeguarded...