Financing questions are important in assessing firms in regulated sectors, such as telecommunications, as they have high debt levels. Concomitantly, a regulatory innovation influencing firms behavior has seen ‘cost-plus' rate of return regulation giving way to incentive-based ‘price-minus'...

Public utilities such as power transmission and distribution are often considered natural monopolies due to entry barriers, economies of scale and usually have specific regulations. One of the most-used regulatory tools is rate-of-return regulation, where the government determines the fair price...

The two forms of natural monopoly regulation that are typically discussed in Intermediate Microeconomics textbooks are marginal cost pricing and average cost pricing (rate of return regulation). However, within the last 20 years, price cap regulation has largely replaced rate of return...

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The absence of one broadly accepted design template for liberalised electricity markets induces regulatory competition and institutional diversity. Focussing on continental Europe and the USA, this analysis explores how agents and structures accelerate or impede the move to one standard market...

In this paper we will examine the issue of ownership unbundling and forced divestiture remedies imposed in a series of recent competition law cases of the energy market - examined in other papers - in relation to the possible existence of a series of legal obstacles. These energy market...

"Regulatory reform" once meant either "alternatives to rate-of-return regulation" or "the advantages of privatization". Now that a broad consensus has been reached on each of these two topics, at least among economists, one subject that has moved to center stage is "vertical restructuring". Many...

In this paper, we will analyse further the issue of concurrence between competition and sector rules and the relation between parallel concepts within the two different legal frameworks. We will firstly examine Third Party Access in relation to essential facilities doctrine and refusal of access...