Gerard Debreu introduced a well known radial efficiency measure which he called a “coefficient of resource utilization.” He derived this scalar from a much less well known “dead loss” function that characterizes the monetary value sacrificed to inefficiency, and which is to be minimized...

The wet and dry seasons are distinctive in Taiwan as the amount of precipitation in wet seasons accounts for over three-fourth of the total rainfall. And the water-resources management relies pretty much on the rainfall brought in by typhoons as it accounts for a significant portion of the...