With the ongoing trade normalisation process between India and Pakistan, opportunities to integrate have opened up between both countries. The pharmaceutical sector is crucial to health issues in developing economies and would be an ideal segment to focus on in improving trade relations between...

We describe a simple model in which domestic firms decide whether to serve a foreign market through exports or horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated with exports and the higher fixed set-up costs associated...

Decisions by arbitral tribunals in investment treaty cases do not have formal precedential status. Yet certain issues recur, and prior decisions at the least provide guidance to later tribunals. The content of the most frequently invoked substantive treaty provisions - the obligations to accord...

This paper examines the extent to which the international trade regime impacts the international investment regime. While commentators have identified rich areas of cross-fertilization and suggested increasing convergence between the two regimes, the evidence reveals only a limited and selected...

Much existing literature on the Liability of Foreignness (LoF) concentrates on the manner in which it impacts on the strategy and performance of service based Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) from developed economies expanding through Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Few researchers have...

In January-July 2021, the Russian foreign trade turnover surpassed considerably the pre-pandemic level (growth of 12.2% on January-July 2019). The value of exports of energy and primary commodities failed to return to the pre-crisis level (a decrease of 9.8% on January-July 2019). In...

I model how the interplay among institutional quality, trust and contract incompleteness affects firms' decisions about their international mode of organization. A producer wants to form a partnership with a foreign distributor, through either Outsourcing (O) or Foreign Direct Investment (FDI),...

The linkages between trade and resource mobilization are complex and not well defined in theory. To what extent does trade policy affect resource mobilization and what are the mechanisms? We argue that trade policy is a key factor of influencing the domestic fundamental balance between aggregate...

Die wirtschaftlichen und institutionellen Beziehungen zwischen der Schweiz und der EU sind in über 100 verschiedenen Abkommen und zugehörigen Protokollen geregelt. Zu den bedeutendsten Verträgen zählen das Freihandelsabkommen von 1972 und die Abkommen im Rahmen der Bilateralen I und der...