in the real world to frame a theoretical explanation of this cross-organizational innovation and to reconceptualize the … - what we call contracting for innovation. This pattern braids explicit and implicit contracting to support iterative … collaborative innovation by raising switching costs. These costs, represented by the parties' parallel investment in transaction …

the size of the innovation is small; this occurs regardless of the participations in the competing companies and how many … innovate. If the innovation is very large, the owners may be better off with exclusive licenses …

innovation performance, addressing endogeneity by exploiting within-firm variation as well as variation in labor supply across … regions. We find that vertical educational diversity increases the extensive margin of R&D and product innovation …, particularly new product innovation. However, the relationship with process innovation, R&D intensity, and product innovation …