The change in the business model of venture capitalists from investing locally towards investing across borders started to intensify in the late 1990s. According to a dataset of European and North-American countries, we find that countries with higher expected growth and higher lagged stock...

We examine the drivers of venture capital financing raised by companies in 162 countries over 22 years from 2000 to 2021, using a novel combination of two venture capital databases Crunchbase and Refinitiv (previously known as VentureXpert). We show that at the firm level companies raise less...

With sound framework conditions, fine universities, good infrastructure and policies friendly towards foreign direct investment, Ireland scores high in international innovation scoreboards. Overall, policies to boost innovation and entrepreneurship are on the right track, but investment in...

Political economy accounts of economic integration strongly emphasize the importance of legal contract enforcement. We challenge extant research by showing that relational contracting, relationship-based contract enforcement, is more efficient for high-risk, human capital-intensive activities...