Varieties of approach and country cases -- The mission and operations of the Italian experiment -- An inside-out view of Italy's anti-corruption authority -- Country comparison of anti-corruption efforts -- The social and economic context of the anti-corruption effort -- Measuring the impact of...

The monopoly position of the public bureaucracy in providing public services allows government employees to acquire rents. Those rents can involve higher wages, monetary and non-monetary fringe benefits (e.g., pensions and staffing), and/or bribes. We propose a direct measure to capture the...