Improving the economic conditions for small and medium sized firms as well as start-ups is high on the agenda of policy makers. In this paper we discuss some policy options for fostering the creation of new enterprises. The discussion focuses on measures which aim at helping start-ups to...

The automotive industry is a major pillar of the modern global economy and one of Europe’s key industries. There can hardly be any doubt about the important role of this sector as an engine for employment, growth and innovation in Europe, and there are crucial challenges and opportunities...

We study the cyclicality of public R&D in 28 OECD countries (1995-2017). While procyclical on average, public R&D reacts asymmetrically over different phases of the business cycle and becomes acyclical during recessions. It is also heterogeneous across countries: Innovation leaders and followers...