We propose in this article a general time series model, whose components are modelled in terms of fractionally integrated processes. This specification allows us to consider the trend, the seasonal and the cyclical components as stochastic processes, including the unit root models as particular...

This paper investigates the empirical relevance of different unemployment theories in three major economies, namely the UK, the US and Japan, by estimating the degree of dependence in the unemployment series. Both univariate and multivariate long memory methods are used. The results vary...