discusses how the level of development influences the political equilibrium. We also analyze the relation between trade and the …This paper presents a political economy model of public standards in an open economy model. We use the model to derive …-standardization?or `over-standardization?results, and which standards can be labeled as (producer)protectionist measures. …

Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

The growing number of voluntary standards for governing transnational arenas is presenting standards organizations with … their own respective standards that are increasingly similar. By developing the notion of ‘standards markets,' this paper … examines this tension and studies how different social movement and industry-driven standards organizations compete as well as …

national contexts in driving the proliferation and co-evolution of sustainability standards, based on the case of the global … important sources of standards variation, for example in the cases of Fairtrade, UTZ Certified and the Common Code for the … targeting particular consuming countries have been key mechanisms of standards transmission and selection. Unlike prior research …

International standards have the potential to both promote and hinder international trade. Yet empirical scholarship on … the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to some methodological challenges: measurement problems, varied … standard on the country-pair trade flows between 91 nations over the 1995-2005 period. To deal with these challenges, we …

independently. We build a three-country oligopolistic trade model by incorporating the endogenous determination of standards by …This study considers endogenous determination of domestic standards on products that cause negative consumption … externalities in the presence of a preferential trade agreement (PTA) in a three-country world. In particular, we examine how a PTA …

I study the influence of minimum quality standards in a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation … and trade in which duopolistic firms face quality-dependent costs and compete in quality and price in two segmented …. Under either alternative, standards can be found that increase welfare in both regions. The analysis integrates the choice …