-tariff measures (NTMs), such as technological measures, standards, and intellectual property rights, as a means of strategic trade … Standards and Regulations (FMVSS) gives a good example of using standards as trade barriers. In most countries, vehicles are …Since the fostering of trade liberalization in the 1990s, conventional trade barriers, such as tariffs, have been …

This paper examines international trade in tainted food and other low-quality products. Wefirst find that for a large … class of environments, free trade is the trading system that conveysthe highest incentives to produce non-tainted high …-quality goods by foreign exporters.However, free trade cannot prevent the export of tainted products, and the condition fortainting …

This paper examines international trade in tainted food and other low-quality products. Wefirst find that for a large … class of environments, free trade is the trading system that conveysthe highest incentives to produce non-tainted high …-quality goods by foreign exporters.However, free trade cannot prevent the export of tainted products, and the condition fortainting …

economy model of trade protection. We associate the sectors of a specific factors model with electoral districts populated by … representatives then sets tariffs that are strictly positive. Introducing additional policy instruments reveals a trade-off between …

We analyze a two country-two good model of international trade in which citizens in each country differ by their … specific factor endowments. The trade policy in each country is set by the politician who has been elected by the citizens in a …