The financial crisis that hit Europe in 2008 affected many spheres of the EU members' economies. It had drastic effects on the countries' economic activity, consumer spending, banking system liquidity, as well as negative impacts on interest rates and budget balances of the EU member states....

How monetary policy affects the economy is a central topic of debate in macroeconomics. The bank lending channel is one approach that emphasises the role of banks. Banks are important because of asymmetric information in the financial market. Banks are assumed to be better at handling...

Negative monetary policy rates are associated with a particular friction because the remuneration of retail deposits tends to be floored at zero. We investigate whether this friction affects banks’ reactions when the policy rate is lowered to negative levels, compared to a standard rate cut in...