This paper analyzes the fundamental concepts that compose the phenomenon of political business cycle and the models that have been created to support this theoretical background. A first theory on this concept is considered to be the classic perspective, which has been developed by William...

This paper provides an introduction to the business cycle. In the capitalist economy there are fluctuations in economic activity which apply to all aspects of socio-economic development. Capitalist economy is growing at a variable rate. These regular changes in economic activity are called...

Certificate trading schemes have been discussed as a cost-efficient means of reducing land use in Germany by capping and reallocating permissions to conduct building projects. However, in contrast to the established cap & trade systems for emissions, reputation-seeking politicians would be in...

This paper uses two-dimensional asymmetric Taylor reaction functions for 16 OECD-countries to account for diff erent reactions to the inflation rate and output by central banks before or after an election of the fiscal authorities in the respective country. Important for such an investigation is...