"An expert on financial markets and regulation explains how middlemen like Amazon, Walmart, and big banks have become so powerful and have entrenched their dominance in the market, providing tips for readers so they can engage in more direct, ethical purchasing."

This study develops and estimates a model of multi-channel customer purchase behavior in a vertically differentiated channel structure. In recent years many retailers have added exclusively sourced factory outlet stores into their channel mix to achieve market expansion and customer...

We study how the opening of a factory store impacts a retailer's demand in its other channels. It is possible that a factory store may damage a retailer's brand image and lead to substitution away from its higher quality core channels. Alternatively, the opening of a factory store may have...