Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) needs to invest 1.5-2.0 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) on roads annually, over at least five years, which amounts to typically a threefold increase in spending. Otherwise the road network will continue to pose a major impediment to achieving the first goal...

The first attempts at public-private partnerships (PPP) in Africa were in the rail sector. As part of structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the nineties, the state conceded market power of rail to the private sector. One of the salient projects was Rift Valley Rail (RVR) concession in Uganda...

The U.S. economy is growing more slowly than it can and should be growing because it does not invest enough in infrastructure, science, and education. There is an important procedural obstacle to funding public investments — a process of scoring the economic effect of legislation. This process...

Globalization and strengthening of integration processes have, among other things, also influenced some solutions relating to monetary sovereignty of particular countries. A great number of transition countries as well as some other underdeveloped countries are facing both inefficiency in their...

Progressives need a fundamentally new approach to politics. They have been losing not just because conservatives have so much more money and power, but also because they have accepted the conservatives’ framing of political debates. They have accepted a framing where conservatives want market...

This note discusses the external environment, economic outlook, and key policy challenges for the six South East European Countries (SEE6)—Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia—as they seek to reignite economic...

The geography of poverty has changed. More than 70 percent of the world’s poor live not in low-income countries, but in middle-income countries. In 2008, nearly 570 million people lived on less than US$1.25 a day in South Asia, compared to 385 million in sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, nearly...

The tax system is commonly understood to be professionally designed and administrated. This perception presupposes a level of neutrality where tax decisions are based on irrefutable reason and concrete data. In practice, however, both the design and administration of a tax system are subject to...

This study aims to obtain input, and is expected to give more value to the activities of budget planning and development spending in the Province of Jakarta Indonesia. In detail the purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for planning development budget in developing leading sectors...