A large school consolidation reform in the Netherlands changed minimum school size rules underlying public funding. The supply of schools decreased by 15 percent, but this varied considerably across municipalities. We find that reducing the number of schools by 10 percent increases pupils'...

A large school consolidation reform in the Netherlands changed minimum school size rules underlying public funding. The supply of schools decreased by 15 percent, but this varied considerably across municipalities. We find that reducing the number of schools by 10 percent increases pupils'...

An innovative and simple experiment with cross-section data ordering is carried out to exploit a basic feature between many economic variables – nonlinear scale dependence. The experiment is tried on hedonic price models using two data sets: automobiles and computers. Our key findings are: (a)...

The Panzar-Rosse model is a widely applied method to assess competitive conduct. In particular, it has been extensively used to analyze the competitive climate in the banking industry. To correct for differences in firm size, many empirical papers estimate a Panzar-Rosse revenue function with...

We study contestability in non-profit markets when non-commercial providers supply a homogeneous collective good through increasing-returns-to-scale technologies. Unlike in the case of for-profit competition, in the non-profit case the absence of price-based sales contracts means that fixed...

Previous studies on the measurement of learning-by-doing emphasize the importance of accounting for multi-vintage effects having an impact on firms’ production costs through economies of scope. This study shows that accounting for cannibalization effects on the demand side is equally important...

This paper concerns the operation of competition in the presence of a high rate of innovation and increasing returns. Given free competition there is likely to exist, in this case, a tendency towards what may be called "dynamic equilibrium", a tendency, that is to say, for the rate of investment...

It is customary to analyze transport industry structure using two indices: economies of density and economies of scale with variable network size (RTS). The latter has been defined to analyze the behavior of costs when output and network size expand simultaneously. After reviewing in detail what...

The paper investigates the existence and extent of economies of scale in depository and settlement systems. Evidence from 16 settlement institutions across different regions for the years 1993–2000 indicates the existence of significant economies of scale. The degree of such economies,...

This is the first paper that examines economies of scale in stock exchanges. The data employed in the study include cost and output statistics for 37 stock exchanges in four continents around the world for the year 1997. I estimate two traditional cost functions and find that ray (overall) scale...