Brazilian homicide rates are among the highest in the world, inclusive of actual war zones. However, the character of Brazil's violence is changing. Recent analyses highlight a trend of dispersion of violence such that homicide rates in urban areas, traditionally the most violent places, have...

The main aim of this paper is to study the phenomenon of the coexistence of firms with illegal characteristics and firms showing legal behaviour in developed economies by using an evolutionary competition model known as the Lotka-Volterra equations. Enterprises in a 'legal system' obey the...

In Brazil, homicide rates are beginning to be high in terms of international comparison since the 80`s until today Rio de Janeiro appears as one of the cities where this phenomenon draws more attention. This article is an attempt to identify some of the causes of the high number of violent...

In the wake of the shooting of Michael Brown in August 2014 and the events that followed in Ferguson, national attention turned to the several ways St. Louis County's balkanized municipal governments create policies and conditions that target poor residents and perpetuate racial segregation in...

The built environment is characterized by man-made physical features that make it difficult for certain individuals — often poor people and people of color — to access certain places. Bridges were designed to be so low that buses could not pass under them in order to prevent people of color...

This article examines human rights abuses stemming from the enforcement of confiscation or similar laws. Part I conducts a case study of the U.N.-supported gun confiscation program in Uganda, a program which has directly caused massive, and fatal, violations of human rights.Part II examines a...

Brazilian homicide rates are among the highest in the world, inclusive of actual war zones. However, the character of Brazil's violence is changing. Recent analyses highlight a trend of dispersion of violence such that homicide rates in urban areas, traditionally the most violent places, have...

The COVID-19 pandemic uncovered and highlighted the existing social inequalities in the country, which further suppressed the marginalized people. This includes sex workers who were often discriminated and stigmatized because the topic of "sex" remains taboo in our country. The sex workers and...

This article first situates itself within the example of Toronto as one of UNESCO’s newly minted global “Cities of Culture”. This network of “creative cities” is intended to facilitate a framework for these cities to work together in “placing creativity and cultural industries at the...

The main aim of this paper is to study the phenomenon of the coexistence of firms with illegal characteristics and firms showing legal behaviour in developed economies by using an evolutionary competition model known as the Lotka-Volterra equations. Enterprises in a 'legal system' obey the...