The United States has turned into an anarchic Hobbesian in part triggered by; weakening dollar's natural pull as the main reserve currency; China's massive foreign reserves; fast rise of the renminbi; the failure attempts to dismantle gold and its readiness to reclaim a monetary role at the...

Although foreign exchange rates (FER) and inflation increased slowly between from 2002 and 2013, they increased rapidly after that time and they have reached the highest level in 2018 on annual base since 2006. Adverse developments in indicators like FER make negative effects on economic actors...

The study is prepared to strengthen reserves of CBRT. For this purpose, a set of proposals, consisting of transferring Treasury's share in profit to reserves and increasing Treasury's share in CBRT, is developed. Effects of the proposals are analyzed by using data, which are gathered from...

Objective – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the financial resilience perspective in banks, with an aim to distinguish empirically between Islamic and Conventional Commercial Banks with respect to short term and long term financial resilience.Methodology/Technique – Panel data...

This paper discusses about the inception of Islamic banking in Oman. This paper would discuss the Islamic Banking Regulatory Framework (IBRF) under which the Islamic banking system is operating. The two full fledged banks which are working in Oman are Alizz Islamic Bank, Bank Nizwa and there are...

Spanish Abstract: Este documento encuentra que un aumento en la tasa interbancaria (proxy de la tasa de intervención) tiene como respuesta una caída en el crecimiento de la cartera total de los bancos en Colombia. Al desagregar por tipo de política, se observa que el canal de préstamos...

This study provides evidence of bank heterogeneity in Colombiafor the period 2002-2014 and analyzes how bank-specific characteristics determine the bank-lending channel for monetary policy. Toanalyze bank heterogeneity, this study estimates technical (cost) efficiency using Stochastic Frontier...

The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it only makes CBDC like a bank debit card-not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak...

Before the invention of money (coin or paper) there was barter trading, a form of exchange without the use of a monetary medium such as coinage, paper money, or electronic cash (i.e. Bitcoin); Adam Smith (1776) described barter trade as primitive in his seminal “The Wealth of Nations” book....

The dollar's dominance as the world's reserve currency was inaugurated at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference where the agreement was signed by the 44 wartime allies, but the dollar's hegemony was solidified in 1971 when US President Nixon cut the dollar's link to gold. True, the fixed exchange...