Social vulnerability due to insufficient income and earnings may come from many sources, both demographic and economic, in a globalizing world. This paper examines the problems of population aging, low wages, growing inequality, and insufficient social spending. Vulnerable groups such as...

Children experience a higher poverty rate in the U.S. than in most comparable nations a poverty gap traceable to international differences in income redistribution across households rather than to market earnings. Using Luxembourg Income Study data, we find that child poverty rates are higher in...

Introduction: Measuring Tax Progression -- Theories: Local Measures -- Global Measures -- Uniform Measures -- Applications: Data and Fiscal Institutions of the Surveyed Countries -- Numerical Results -- Statistical Tests -- Progression Intensity