In this paper, a bi-level Voronoi diagram-based metaheuristic is introduced to solve the large-scale multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP). The upper level of the Voronoi diagram, derived from the depots, is used to allocate customers to depots. The lower level of the Voronoi diagram,...

The aim of this study is to investigate the solution algorithm for solving the problem of determining reliable shortest paths in road networks with stochastic travel times. The availability of reliable shortest paths enables travelers, in the face of travel time uncertainty, to plan their trips...

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical...

Ride-hailing services (RHS) and traditional taxi services (TTS) play important roles in satisfying people’s daily travel demands. In recent years, RHS have experienced rapid growth, making daily travel more convenient and fundamentally changing the vehicle-hailing service market once dominated...