German residential buildings. We analyze how energy efficiency regulations, in terms of minimum standards, affects energy … real energy requirements from energy performance certificates and energy billing information. We develop a new measure for … regulation intensity and apply a panel-error-correction regression model to energy requirements of low and high quality housing …

This paper is concerned with the economics of urban externalities. We start by reviewing the literature on urban … externalities, and observe that although many interesting contributions have been made, there seems to be sufficient scope and need … pursued in future research on urban externalities. These include (1) the explicit consideration of mutual interactions between …

required to internalize global environmental externalities. Therefore we adopt a dynamic framework of two economies (i … international environmental externalities - both are empirically significant. Starting from noncooperation we investigate the …

The determinants of energy-saving innovation, and particularly the roles of energy prices and efficiency standards in … affecting the development of new energy-saving technologies, are exceptionally important considerations in modeling global … climate change and evaluating alternative policy options. We analyze the effects of energy prices and energy …

energy, and later by innovation induced by research subsidies. Green production subsidies are ineffective because they …