The weak enforcement of a rule of law is closely related to the prevalence of corruption. Corruption involves different types of rule-violations by bureaucrats, politicians and businesses where power is misused for private benefit. Not surprisingly, corruption is correlated with the weak...

The word “Qian rule” (hidden rule) has been known to all Chinese people since the publication of Wu Si's Qian Rule. This paper proposes that the Qian rule, in the economic sense, is the transaction of discretion between the buyer and the rule agent. The meticulousness of the formal rule and...

The governance advice that is offered to Africa usually identifies a list of 'good governance' goals like stable property rights, a rule of law, low corruption and government accountability as preconditions for development. These goals are difficult to implement not only because they are...

The growth of a country can be gaged directly from its growing demand for energy. If the demand for energy is not met in-time then it would severely hamper growth leading to economic meltdown and collapse. Pakistan is a developing economy with a vast potential for industrialization. However, the...

We analyse the dynamics of public and private sector employment in Bangladesh, using the natural experiment provided by the partial privatization of the jute industry. The public sector had substantial excess employment of workers initially, but this excess was substantially eroded by the end of...