Although property markets represent a large proportion of total wealth in developed countries, the real-estate derivatives markets are still lagging behind in volume of trading and liquidity. Over the last few years there has been increased activity in developing derivative instruments that can...

Besides market risk, stock market investments in emerging markets are also exposed to political phenomena that are not generally present in the more developed economies. This problem is well known to banks and multinational companies as country or political risk. Assessment techniques in these...