Implementation of fiscal surveillance rules relies heavily on the proper interpretation of legal terms, creating a need to infuse economic insight into legal analysis. Rigid legal application of fiscal deficit rules may curtail structural reforms, as reforms can go against fiscal consolidation...

In a world marked by intensifying geopolitical rivalries, supply chain vulnerabilities, and disruptive technological change, ensuring ‘strategic autonomy’ is now an avowed goal of numerous EU policy initiatives. This article seeks to facilitate an assessment of this ‘policy turn’ by...

Confidentiality issues concerning sensitive information have been a frequent issue in dispute settlement proceedings of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and in other international forums of arbitration and dispute settlement. However, the rules of the WTO are silent on both what kind of...

Reforms of international trade and investment law and institutions are hampered by conflicting economic paradigms. For instance, utilitarian Anglo-Saxon neo-liberalism (e.g. promoting self-regulatory market forces privileging the homo economicus), constitutional European ordo-liberalism (e.g....