been carried out separately. Merging these three household surveys into one joint survey from reporting year 2020 requires …

to household resources and schooling quality. Yet, to date, most researchers have investigated the contributions of these … whether schools exacerbate or compensate for existing household-based inequalities. The paper develops a new variance … empirical results show that although household factors account for a significant share of total test score variation, variation …

and means of elimination. Further differentiation was made on the basis of household size, age of the head of household …