Containing a series of case studies of cooperative banks in times of crisis, this book reflects upon the cooperative business model and the governance structures of cooperative banks. Such banks have weathered the current financial crisis relatively well. In most countries, they did not need...

The 'sub-agentschap' of de Nederlandsche Bank did not figurate in the Bank Act 1863, but turned out to develop as a steppingstone between a correspondent and an agency of the Bank. This article considers the history of the office at Leyden, where between 1865 and 1969 a whole lifecycle of a...