Considering the third-country effects on bilateral incentives to sign a new PTA, we develop a theory-based empirical approach to access how a country's pre-existing PTAs affect her formation of a new PTA. Our empirical analysis using the theory-based measures of these effects confirms that a...

What does the provisions on the non-discrimination principle (“the principles”) in digital trade mean under trade agreements, especially in the absence of a clear international consensus on the subject of the principles? To answer this question, this study first identifies the issues related...

As digital trade expands worldwide, the importance of policy factors in digital trade is also garnering attention. However, the effectiveness of digital trade-related policies on digital trade flow is empirically under-investigated because of challenging data requirements. To overcome this, we...

This study empirically demonstrates that there is indeed a positive relationship between trade and peace, by specifically showing that the physical state of peace and the structural elements of peace contribute to a country’s WTO membership, while WTO accession also contributes to achieving...

This study examines how US discretionary practices in anti-dumping (AD) proceedings have developed and affected the extent of dumping margins of exporters in the past decade. Using detailed data on dumping margin calculations by the US Department of Commerce (DOC) from 2008 to 2020, we find that...