INTRODUCTION: The initial public offering (IPO) is an important life cycle of a firm and has significant effects on the firm’s ownership structure. Ownership structure plays a dominant role in shareholding pattern in initial public offerings. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This paper investigates the...

In this paper, we establish the significance and effects of initial public offer (IPO) offer price ranges on subscription, initial trading, and post-IPO ownership structures. The primary market in India provides a unique setting for estimating the effect of various initial public offer (IPO)...

The allocation of shares on crowd-investing-platforms is best described by the phrase "first come, first served". An entrepreneur who sells corporate equity to a "crowd" of investors on such a platform chooses a fixed investment target before the investment period begins. Once the aggregate...