This paper estimates flexible child health production functions to investigate whether better water, sanitation and … hygiene (WASH) practices make nutrition intake more productive for children aged 6-24 months. Using cohort data, with detailed … show that better WASH increases the productivity of protein and calories in the formation of child health using as proxies …

-education women. This leads to lower reading scores among children, primarily as a result of mothers shifting away from formal care … employment and fertility among women, as well as long-run cognitive outcomes among children. A structural life-cycle model of … employment, fertility, and child care use is estimated using Norwegian administrative data. The estimation exploits a large …

, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence … low birthweight and prematurity. Effects are found in both rural areas, where homicides are rare, and in urban areas … compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households' lower socioeconomic status. Our …

, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence … low birthweight and prematurity. Effects are found in both rural areas, where homicides are rare, and in urban areas … compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households' lower socioeconomic status. …