The lower levels of financial inclusion and severe financial inclusion gaps in Africa motivates the investigation of … whether mobile phones, economic growth, bank competition and stability matter for financial inclusion. Data from 49 countries …. There was evidence to show that financial inclusion responds positively and significantly to shocks in bank competition …

This paper links banking system development to the colonial and legal history of African countries. Based on a sample … institutions are not major determinants of banking system development, and that institutional development and governance quality … are more important. A high share of government spending relative to GDP also positively affects banking system development …