effects on schooling outcomes and, more so, for less able pupils. …

schooling outcomes and, more so, for less able pupils. …

administrative data from a 15-years panel on the universeof students in the educational system in Chile. The ndings are fourfold …. First, (marginally)retained students achieve the same amount of education than (marginally) promoted(i.e., high school …

Grade retention offers students a chance to catch up with unmastered material but also leads to less labor … educational attainment, although retained students are later to graduate. Grade retention does lead to annual earnings loss at age … 28 of 3000 euro (8.5%) due to reduced labor-market experience. Overall, grade retention is of no benefit for students …