Local content measures have proliferated and become a popular tool for governments to incentivize national industry. This article sets out a typology of such measures and analyses the legality of the different types of measures under WTO Law. Questions arise not only with respect to national...

This Handbook provides state-of-the-art analysis by leading authors on the links between the international trade regime and health and environment concerns – concerns that make up an increasing proportion of WTO dispute settlement. Research Handbook on Environment, Health and the WTO...

WTO, Animals & PPMs offers a new analytical framework for GATT Article XX, which inter alia clarifies the legal and analytical problems attached to non-product related PPMs. The text covers the barriers countries can enact to protect animals (as animal welfare- or biodiversity protection) in the...

The international trading system has come under increasing attack by activists as being in conflict with human rights law. Others have defended the system as contributing more to the fulfilment of human rights than many other areas of international law. This study examines the alleged conflict...