The European Union is one of the three largest actors in world trade and one of the world’s most influential regulators. This chapter gives an overview over the European Union’s rules for intra-EU trade, describing the EU customs union and its internal market including the “four...

Trade has had a stunning return to the spotlight since the results of the Brexit referendum were announced. While it is much too early to speak of failure or success of the UK's trade policy, we allege that the current debate shows a lack of understanding of modern international trade law and...

Few fields of international law have developed as dramatically as international intellectual property law. Proliferating international agreements on IP law (and aspects thereof) and in particular the inclusion of IP law in trade agreements have brought about ever-higher standards of IP...

The international trading system has come under increasing attack by activists as being in conflict with human rights law. Others have defended the system as contributing more to the fulfilment of human rights than many other areas of international law. This study examines the alleged conflict...