import dependence and making effective adjustments, etc.; examines the substitutability between different energy sources and …

for basic needs satisfaction in Ecuador - analyses trends in economic growth, employment, income, wealth and income … distribution, 1948-1980; considers exports, dependence, production, productivity, wages, labour force participation, etc. By …

unemployment rates. But scant, if any, evidence exists on gender gaps in economic outcomes such as income, expenditure, savings …The COVID-19 outbreak has brought unprecedented disruptions to the global economies and has led to income loss and high … using data from a six-country survey that covers countries in different geographical locations and at various income levels …

and changes in the level of income and expenditure are taken into account. …

explore to what extent households adjust their income and employment strategies and savings in response to exposure to floods … income from exposure to disasters, whereas nonfarmers increase their off-farm labor supply. Such adjustments in employment … within a year of disaster exposure. We also identify that such adjustments in employment and income strategies help farmers …