Trade debt will be a permanent and very important source of short-term financing. Different types of return ratios have a decisive and different impact on trade debt. In fact, internal return ratios are able to explain firms' short-term financial behavioural towards an increase (or decrease) on...

This paper offers a fresh perspective from which to gauge the ongoing viability of a firm. While investors, lending institutions and trade creditors share common concern with respect to risk, they differ according to both the time horizon and their interest in the ongoing viability of the firm....

This study investigates the nonlinear relationship between public debt and sovereign credit ratings, using a wide sample of over one hundred advanced, emerging, and developing economies. It finds that: i) higher public debt lowers the probability of being placed in a higher rating category; ii)...

This research aims to develop a determinant variable of the Sukuk rating derived from agency and asymmetry theories. This research is essential because Sukuk or Islamic Bonds is needed in Indonesia, with 85% of its population out of 320 million people being Muslim. Many studies on the...

This study examines the existing credit rating methodology proposed in the literature to explore the development of a new credit rating model based on the financial variables of the enterprise. The focus is on the period after the financial crisis of 2018. This study aims to develop a credit...